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一位专业同志的发言：
http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/nikon-vs-canon.htm
INTRODUCTION
I use Adorama, Amazon, Ritz, B&H, Calumet, J&R and ScanCafe. I can't vouch for ads below.
Nikon and Canon are as good as each other. Each are multi-billion dollar optical companies who have been making some of the world's best optics for numerous consumer, military and industrial applications for decades and decades.
Each makes lenses as parts of multi-million-dollar steppers used in making electronic chips with more precision anything needed for photography, and each make other optics that sell for hundreds of thousands of dollars in other applications. They each make our cameras and lenses out of the same stuff from which they create these other products.
I don't extend this same awe towards discount lensmakers, but I do have this respect for Nikon and Canon and Pentax and Leica and Fuji and Zeiss who've been making much more than cameras for longer than I've been alive. I do have a hat off to Tokina, who are related to Hoya, who are as far as I know the biggest maker of optical glass on the planet, and whose glass is found in parts of everyone's lenses.
They are different, but just as good. Anyone who tries to tell you that one or the other are garbage isn't paying attention, and most likely doesn't have the other to sell you. Nikon and Canon compete so heavily against each other that if one really were better or worse they would have gone out of business long ago.
I prefer Nikon DSLRs, and Canon Compacts. Just as many others prefer Canon DSLRs and Nikon Coolpix compacts.
Year to year one usually has an edge on the other. They tend to leapfrog each other back and forth.
I've been shooting Nikon since 1980. I've never had any reason to sell everything and start over. Why would I? I have always had over a half-dozen lenses at any point in time, even when I was in school.
If I did start over today I'd just as likely go Canon. I have a Canon A70 and SD700 point-and-shoots, but no Nikons. I have a Canon QL-17 rangefinder camera, not a Nikon. I prefer the ergonomics of my Nikon DSLRs, but that's me.
I'm enthusiastic about Nikon's gear today because it's so much better and cheaper than what I had to use 10 or 20 years ago. Life was tough in the manual focus days. Even the crappy Nikon zoom lenses today are much better than the classic manual focus ones I used before. Nikon has never given me so much as a free hat, even for all the free publicity I give them on this site.
Since Nikon still can't deliver 2005's 18-200mm, I decided it's time to start trying Canon and reviewing everything I can from them, especially all their lenses.
I've always been curious, so it's time to find out. I hope that using both cameras doesn't confuse me with different locations of knobs that winds up interfering with my ability to make photos. I have a Canon 5D and Rebel XTi on the way and will be testing all their lenses. I've already tested a bit of Canon gear as you can see on my Canon page that's been around since 1999.
Nikon and Canon are each primarily lens companies, not camera companies. It's sad to see people buy good cameras and put off-brand lenses on them. The main reason I bought my XTi is to use the great Canon 10-22mm lens!
Did you know that Nikon is one of the world's leading makes of professional laboratory microscopes, often beating out Zeiss and Leitz? Nikon also makes the million-dollar lenses and mechanical steppers used in semiconductor manufacture. They have a 37% market share. These lenses and mechanics resolve at 45 nanometers, or less than one-tenth of a wavelength of visible light? That's over 10,000 lines per millimeter! See Nikon Precision.
Canon may make their own ICs and image sensors, but for all we know, Canon may use Nikon lenses and steppers to do it! Probably not: Canon also makes steppers and semiconductor photolithography equipment, with a 20% market share. (Thanks to Bates Marshall for those figures.)
Canon also makes gigantic lenses with 100x zoom ratios for television! These sell for six figures.
Making $20,000, $2,000 or $200 lenses for either Canon or Nikon is child's play. Their big stuff sells in the $200,000 to $2,000,000 range. We photographers get to benefit from all of it.
SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY
Nikon
Most Nikon camera and lenses made since 1959 are compatible with each other.
The Nikon system is so renowned for its multi-decade interoperability that I have a Nikon System Compatibility page discussing it.
Canon
Canon cameras can use Nikon lenses, but Nikon cameras can't use Canon lenses.
On the other hand, Canon flushed compatibility down the toilet in 1985 when it created a new and completely incompatible system of AF cameras and lenses called EOS. Nothing works together before or after the great divide of 1985.
To Canon's credit, the new EOS system is a better design than the old Nikon mount, but old Canon FD manual focus lenses, once promoted as "timeless" by Canon, are useless today on modern Canon cameras. Contrast this to Nikon, where just about every lens ever made works swell, with few limitations, on every brand new camera.
Every Canon AF lens works on every Canon AF camera, including the digital SLRs, except for Canon's EF-S lenses, which only work on some of the newest 1.6x cameras. 1980's Canon AF lenses work great on every current Canon camera.
DELIVERY
One big difference between Nikon and Canon is delivery of new products.
A good thing about Nikon is that they announce products a couple of months before they become available. You never feel like an idiot having bought a camera that goes obsolete the next day. Canon, on the other hand, usually has cameras available when they announce them, so you can get caught off guard.
Unfortunately Nikon does this to a fault. It's good to announce something a couple of months before it comes out, but bad to take orders and not be able to deliver.
Nikon has been doing this at least since 2000. They announced the 80-400mm VR in January, 2000. It was a year and a half later before you could buy them easily!
Nikon Announced the D100 in February of 2002 and it was a year until you could get them easily. I had bought a D1H the week before, but didn't worry even though I would have preferred the D100, because I didn't have 9 months to wait for one.
Nikon announced the 12-24mm in February 2003 and took a year until they were easy to find.
Nikon announced the D70 in February of 2004. That only took a couple of months to get.
The 18-200mm VR was announced on November 1st, 2005. Nikon still can't ship them to all the people who've ordered them over a year later.
Since so many readers ask me to review Canon, I've decided it's about time. Canon actually ships their products.
Contrary to some beliefs, I get paid nothing by and have no allegiance to Nikon or Canon other than having used their great products for the past decades.
HISTORY
You have to know the history behind this race to understand it. Here's my personal experience, which spans most of four decades.
Early 1900s
Canon and Nikon have both been around competing with each other since the early 1900s. I'll skip the early days and WWII because you can read it elsewhere.
1970s
My first 35mm SLR camera, bought when I was 11 years old in 1973, was a Minolta. You can see it and its photo quality on my Night Photography page. I upgraded to my dream camera, the Minolta SR-T-102, around 1974.
1980
In 1980 I wanted all my lenses to use filters the same size so I could change them easily while photographing from my mom's small plane. Minolta drove me nuts by using a different filter size every time they restyled their lenses. I bought a Nikon F2AS manual camera and a slew of manual focus lenses. I sold the Minolta gear because I thought Nikon was better.
In 1980 Nikon was the undisputed king of pro 35mm cameras. For the same price as Canon I got what I thought was much better mechanical quality and better access to rental gear. I also thought it was cool to have the same camera used by every other journalist.
I was still too stupid to realize that 1.) people shooting landscapes used 4 x 5 cameras, not 35mm, and that 2.) All cameras in the same format perform the same.
1985
Minolta invented the autofocus SLR in 1985. A few years later Canon and Nikon had them, too. Professionals laughed at the idea.
Nikon AF cameras and lenses were completely compatible with older lenses and cameras. This was good because pros all had many thousands of dollars invested in their manual lenses. It was a no-brainer to buy a new Nikon AF camera since it was compatible with everything. New AF lenses were compatible with manual focus cameras. They still are! Nikon solidified the reason to shoot Nikon as a pro: no one had to start out from scratch again. Going to AF in Nikon was easy.
Nikon AF cameras had motors in the body to focus the lenses mechanically through a small screw in the lens mount. They still do.
Canon designed their AF system from scratch, and used a completely new and incompatible lens mount. The lenses each had their own motors inside them. If you shot Canon you had to throw away all your lenses and bodies and start from scratch. Not good! To go to Canon AF you had to rebuy your entire system with new AF gear.
1990
Pros eventually started using the AF cameras around 1990 and liked them. One teensy-weensy problem around was that Nikon AF cameras couldn't focus fast enough for sports. The Canon cameras worked great. Pros who shot sports dumped their Nikon gear and moved to Canon in droves. Sports shooters still predominantly use Canon for this reason. I was kidding about slow AF being a teeny problem: it's why Nikon lost it's twenty-year lock on the pro journalism market and has never won it back!
Unlike 1980, in the 1990s Canon cameras evolved to be as professional as Nikon. They have competed neck and neck for the same customers ever since.
Nikon's AF speed is as good as Canon today, but no one is going to sell everything and start from scratch without a very good reason.
As a pro you own a lot of gear, all bought at different times. It all needs to work together as a system. Amateurs buy bodies and lenses together, while pros add and delete each body and lens from their systems as it makes sense. Except in the case of total theft, you never get the chance to start over from scratch.
Better AF performance was why sports pros left Nikon in the 1990s. There's never been anything compelling enough since then to get them all to switch back. That's why you see all the white lenses at sports events. Remember, sporting is only part of the photo picture. Landscape photographers have been using 4x5" film for over 100 years and don't show any signs of changing soon. The best ones rarely use Canon or Nikon.
1999
Nikon invents the professional D1, the world's first practical digital SLR. It was $5,000 and had 2.7MP. Nikon became the leader in professional digital.
I bought my first AF Nikon, an F100, and liked it so much I eventually wound up buying all new AF equipment anyway.
2000
Canon introduced their own first DSLR, the consumer D30. It had the same image quality as Nikon's metal D1, but for only $3,000 in plastic. It also had 3MP.
2001
Canon announces the EOS-1D on 25 September 2001. Canon moves ahead of Nikon in the digital arena.
2002 - 2004
Nikon doesn't introduce much, while Canon is very busy. Every time Nikon does announce a new DSLR, Canon outdoes them the next week.
2005 - 2006
Nikon's D70 was my favorite over the better-built Canon 20D. I preferred the D70's faster operation, specifically, the D70's immediate access to white balance trims, needed for every shot, over having to go into menus on the 20D.
In 2006 Canon tweaked the firmware in the 20D and called it a 30D, which I find uncompetitive with the D200. What were they thinking? Nikon leapfrogged them with the D200. The D200 eclipsed anything Canon had done, including the Canon 5D which cost three times as much.
I had always admired the Canon 28 - 135 IS lens. Nikon had nothing similar. Nikon introduced the spectacular 18 - 200 VR for digital, which eclipses the earlier Canon 28 - 135.
One huge problem: No one can get the Nikons. It doesn't matter how great something is if you can't get it.
I decide to start trying and reviewing the Canon system, since everyone has been asking me to.
All because I like my Nikons doesn't mean that they're right for you. By spending more time with Canon I hope to learn what they do better and share it all.
My Personal Preferences
They all give the same quality images within the same price class. See my Noise and Resolution comparison. These differences are so small I have to strain to see them with test charts. In the dynamics of the real world they are invisible. I ran those tests, and discovered that whatever differences entertain chat-room participants don't exist.
As you ought to know, I'm just a guy who loves to take pictures and today just happens to have literally millions of people reading this site, which are my personal opinions, each month. I don't get any free gear, money, sponsorships, hats or anything from any camera companies, in spite of what people may think.
These are my opinions. My pals who converted to Canon from Nikon have no problems. They push all the buttons or sail through the menus without even thinking about it. By comparison, I'm a lazy wimp who likes my cameras to get out of my way.
Let me know if I got anything wrong; I'm sure I've missed something.
These are my opinions based on my decades of using Nikon SLRs. As I'm now buying Canon myself out of curiosity I'm learning much more. Since so many smart people shoot Canon I want to learn what I'm missing. For now, here are my observations.
Compacts
I prefer Canon point-and-shoots. I love their color rendition, and I can't for the life of me figure out the menus of the Nikon Coolpix cameras.
DSLRs
These comments compare my experiences with my Nikon D200, D80, D70 and D1H I own with the Canon 20D, 30D and XT that I've used.
General
I love my Nikons because they put the important adjustments, ISO, DRIVE, WHITE BALANCE and QUALITY, right where I need them. I don't need any menus to tweak them, and I need to adjust them many times each day as the light and subjects change. Canon hides more of this, like manual and trimmed white balances, in menus, which gets in my way.
Canon wins on having some of their DSLRS (30D and 5D) having the ability to crank saturation twice as far as I can on my Nikons.
Auto ISO
I'm addicted to AUTO ISO. Canon DSLRs can't do this in their program modes, which drives me nuts and wastes my time.
Smart (green-button) Reset
I always use the Smart Reset (two-green-button reset) of my Nikon DSLRs. They reset all the shot-to-shot stuff, like WB and ISO and selected AF sensor and exposure compensations and image and file sizes, and leave alone the rarely set items like file numbering, custom functions and beeps. Since the Canon DSLRs lack this, I have to drill down through all the menus exactly like a pilot's pre-flight checklist. If I don't, I'll often have left the camera at a deep tungsten white balance and ISO 1,600, which of course ruins all shots made that way until I notice and reset them all by hand.
White Balance left set at last night's custom setting.
With my Nikons I hold the two green buttons and all is back at normal. With Canons I have to check manually. The Clear Settings command on Canon resets everything, meaning I'd again have to drill down through the menus to set everything back to my liking, like no beeps.
I format my cards every time I put them in a camera or every time after I download from them and have backed up the data. This avoids errors later. I have to find a menu in Canon, where on my Nikons (except for the D50) all I have to do is work the two red FORMAT buttons.
Flash Control
My Nikons give me far more flash sync options. They are well labeled and easy to set without menus. Canon hides them inside other modes deep inside menus.
For instance, the important Rear Curtain option is hidden in the 30D's Custom Function 15, while even a cheap Nikon D50 has its own flash sync button.
Slow sync isn't selectable separately on these Canons. Program mode always uses a faster speed of about 1/60 as its lower limit. Tv, Av or M modes use slow sync by default. See p.92 of Canon's 20D manual for details.
This is too bad: I always shoot my Nikons in Program, and set the slowest flash shutter speed to whatever I want, usually 1/30 or 1/15 to let in enough ambient light. This is easy to change on Nikon, and almost fixed in stone on these Canons.
I have no idea how to set manual flash mode on the Canons, while on the Nikons it's easy to set up wireless remote flash control.
My Nikon DSLRs let me know if the flash may have underexposed (the bolt in the finder blinks rapidly). I've never seen that on the Canons. The Nikon flash units even tell me, in stops, by how much they have underexposed.
Autofocus
I get more consistent results on my Nikons. It's not unusual to get an unfocused image with my Canons, with the camera's AF confirmation light lit on an unmoving subject.
Nikons, especially the newer ones like the D200, will hang up if they can't get perfect focus. My Canons don't seem that concerned, and confirm focus even if they missed.
My Canons tend to be a little faster with cheap lenses, and about the same with the expensive ones. In other words, Nikon lets the AF of their cheap lenses ($80 - 500) get slower, both both brands of pro lenses (c. $1,500 range) are equally fast.
Locking Flash Shoe
Nikons for about 15 years have had a pin in the flash shoe which bolts the flash solidly into the hot shoe. It will never slide a little out and lose its electrical connection. It flicks with a lever.
Canon is still back in the 1970s. The 550EX flash only has a plastic screw-down ring on its bottom, which doesn't work, is a pain to loosen when needed, and loosens itself when you don't want it to. This results in the flash misfiring, since only a small amount of slippage is enough to disconnect the small electrical pins.
AF Assist Illuminators
Canon got all the sports shooter business in the 1990s because of their superior AF system. Today Nikon is fine, but pros who moved have no need to return. Pros have a huge investment in gear; it's not just one camera. Even I have Nikon gear bought over 25 years ago that I still use today.
Something very annoying about the Canon AF system has been their attempt to use the on-camera flash for low-light AF assist. I kid you not: Canon cameras fire off multiple extended bursts of the flash to light the subject for focusing in the dark. Every time this happens we say "What the heck was that???" and try to turn it off. This only happens in dark areas where the AF system can't see enough, and of course those are the conditions under which the flash going off in people's faces is the most annoying. Egad.
The Freedom Lens: Nikon's 18-200mm VR/IS (what is Vibration Reduction?)
Canon, and no one, makes anything that can do what the life-changing Nikon 18-200mm VR does. There are loads of off-brand 18-200mm lenses, but they have no VR (critical at 200mm) and only have primitive focus control with no instant manual override.
I'm sure Canon has one of these coming out soon.
Sigma announced an 18-200mm OS (stabilized) lens, but it's only f/6.3 (not rated to work well for AF, which needs at least f/5.6) and I suspect it has primitive focus, not HSM/AFS/USM. We'll see, and I avoid off brand lenses anyway. As I explained, the whole point of a Canon or Nikon camera is to use the superior lenses made by either, both of which are very serious optical companies, unlike the off brands.
Viewfinder Grids
Most digital Nikons have magic, selectable viewfinder grids, free!
The Canon DSLRs don't. You can buy an optional screen for the 5D, and manually jam it in the camera's viewfinder.
Most point and shoots from Canon and Casio have these, too, just not the Canon DSLRs.
I use these grids to help me get level photos. It's one of the first things I turn on when I get a new camera.
Playback and LCDs
My Nikon D200 lets me use one push to magnify the image right on the AF sensor that was used. Canons still make me jack around guessing, scrolling and zooming.
Nikons play fast. Canon DSLRs take time when you try to display pages of 9 playback images and flip though them.
The 20D and 30D had artifacts with in-camera playback. Fully zoomed in, they didn't really show me what was there, unlike the Nikons.
Three of the four Canon DSLRs I've used had serious color casts to the LCDs, making them a little useless for setting color as I do while shooting. All the Nikon DSLRs and all Canon point-and-shoots I've used have been fine, but not the Canon DSLRs. The 30D and 5D have dim, low contrast, greenish LCDs, and the Rebel XT had orangish mid-tones. The 20D and all the Canon point-and-shoots and all the Nikon SLRs are much more color-accurate.
Data Embedding
My Nikons let me embed my ©, name and phone number into the EXIF data of every one of the 75,000 shots I've made, no computer required. I haven't seen that on the Canons.
Control Sensibilities
On my Nikons, one dial always sets aperture and the other always sets the shutter. On the Canons, what dial does what depends on your mode. That drives me crazy - I need to have the same dial change the same thing every time I spin it, regardless of the shooting mode.
Nikon turns off the exposure compensation indication if you haven't set it. Canon leaves it on, even in the finder, even if it's set at zero.
I prefer Nikon's easy-to-find-in-the-dark LCD illuminator button. It's concentric with the shutter; just twist. On the Canons you need to feel around for a dedicated button.
When you hit the LCD illuminator, either on camera or on flash, everything lights up. On a Canon Rebel XT and EX-550, each button only lights one of them!
Automatic Zone System Exposure and Development
The Nikons have an AUTO CONTRAST mode by default (called Tone Compensation under Optimize Image) which uses the Zone System to optimize the camera's contrast to the subject. It was awful in the D1H, and in the D70, D80 and D200 it works great to match conditions. The Canons have no such mode: you have to set them manually. That said, in harsh light sometimes my D200 goes a little too flat, and the Canons always look great anyway. The Canons also make it easy to set these, by using a custom function to have their SET buttons call up instant selection of preset image adjustments, called Parameters on some Canons and "Image Styles" on others.
AF Assist Lights
Nikon has annoying little lamps on the camera body. Canon doesn't, and instead fires the flash with an ultra-annoying series of continuous bursts. Boy, if having the flash fire a zillion times doesn't get you thrown out of a venue, nothing will.
Canon's self-timer lights don't work as the AF assist lights as they do on Nikon.
To Canon's credit, their AF system works great so long as you have at least a little light; just forget about it in darkness.
Viewfinder
They are about the same size, clarity and brightness, depending on which you compare. They all have gesticulatic dioptometricization. The Rebels are about the same size as the D50/70, the 20D/30D are a bit bigger, the D80/D200 much bigger, and I presume the 5D the Mother of them all.
I find the in-finder data a little bit sparser in Canon than in my Nikons. I also found the Canon's digital thinner and harder to see than in my Nikon DSLRs.
All of them do a great job of automatically varying the brightness of the display to match ambient conditions.
Sensor Sizes
Nikons used to be all one size. Every lens did the same thing on every camera. Easy: I only have one set of lenses. My 12-24mm does the same great job on every camera. As of late 2007, Nikon has also stepped up to full-frame FX sensors, but at least that's only two sensor sizes.
Canon curses us with three incompatible sensor sizes. For two of the sizes, 1x as in the 5D and 1DS Mk II, we have to use the 16-35, 17-40 and 15mm fisheye lenses, and on the 1.6x consumer cameras (20D, 30D, Rebel) we have no fisheye, but do have the excellent 10-22mm. The pros using the 1.3x (1D) cameras are screwed: the pros who could make the best use of wide angle lenses in news reporting just don't have them. There are no fisheyes and no ultrawide lenses for the 1.3x cameras.
Why do I say cursed? Because as I dig through the Canon system to report on it, I have to make three sets of tables for each lens. Each lens performs differently on each format camera. Corner sharpness? The corners are in three different places!
To use the Canon system, I have to buy different lenses for each camera. I bought a 10-22mm for the XTi and its brethren, and have a 16-35 and 17-40mm on loan to figure out which one I need to do the same thing on the 5D. Of course my pain is your gain: I'll be doing a knock-down, drag-out donnybrook between them (apologies to Pop Photo cover copywriters)
I love wides. Telephotos aren't as weird, although the 18-55mm, 17-85mm, 17-55mm and I forget what else only work on the 1.6x cameras.
Data Transfer
Both are as fast. The newer ones are all fast enough to eliminate card readers.
My Nikons show up as hard drives on my computers. I drag and drop files either way, no software required. I create folders in-camera, and download sorted photos directly from my Nikons! Data from the Canon cameras can only be read via software.
Help
Nikons have a "?" button for explaining some of the menu functions. Canons don't.
Nikon USA's free live tech help line, (800) NIKON-UX, is open all the time, 24/7/365.
Canon USA's free help line, (800) OK-CANON, lets its very good people go home late and on Sundays.
Both help lines are very good! I've always gotten someone who knows the answer on the first try.
Shots Remaining
This is even.
The Canons are stupid and stop at 999, while Nikons are smart enough to show "2.7k" if they need to. They each only have three digits with which to display this.
My Nikons are defective in design: they underestimate, which is pretty funny, since the Canons vary the size of the file to fit the image, and Nikons tend to make the same size files, making this easier. As an example, my D80 says "516" shots for Normal JPG LARGE images on a 2 GB card. I actually get about 800 shots on those.
Trick Custom Image Settings and Tweaks
Nikon makes you buy their buggy $100 Nikon Capture software to create and load crazy curves and settings into your camera. You need to buy this to tweak curves, colors and contrasts other than what you can do in the menus.
Canon makes this available for free here, and includes all sorts of fun presets, too.
JPG File Size and Quality Optimization
Busy, detailed, contrasty subjects need more JPG bits to look good than do images with flat backgrounds, low contrasts and blank spaces.
Canon does a better job here. Canon's JPG file sizes vary to maintain constant quality. It's not unusual to see a fat file three times the size of a small one, with the only difference being the subject. Nikons are stupider and tend to keep JPG files sizes very similar, wasting bits when not needed and lowering quality when they are.
I prefer Canon. Even the Nikon D2Xs and D200, which allow a new choice to let the JPGs files vary size, don't work as well as Canons have for years by default.
Clock Setting
I prefer my Nikons, which let me check the time to the second and change time zones without altering my to-the-second calibration. The Nikons let you set the clock to any random second, not just at the minute as with almost every other digital clock.
The Canons only read to the nearest minute, and don't even recognize time zones. I lose my exact setting, since I have to reset it from scratch when changing time zones.
The latest Nikons really did a good job and have an easy-to-use world map and time zone calculator and display. The Nikons (my D80 in this case) sadly hide the clock setting under the menu item MENU > SETUP > World Time > Date.
Depth-of-Field Preview Button
Canons work instantly and silently. I wish everything worked this well. On the other hand, the button is on the wrong side of the Canons so it takes a second hand to use.
Nikons are bogus: they clatter all around as if the camera took a picture. This is annoying, but was handy back in film days when I could hit it to satisfy people pestering me to take their pictures.
Front Lens Caps
Canon's caps are pretty flimsy. They only have tabs for release from the side, not the front. Nikon has much better caps.
So What?
To Canon's credit, the images always look great. My pals who shoot Canon just get over these issues about which I'm whining and go make great images.
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发表于 2012-2-25 10:18:12
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发表于 2012-2-26 06:05:29
